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¡Å º´¿ø¿¡¼­ ¾ÆÅäÇÇ¿¡ °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ Ã³¹æÇØÁÖ´Â ½ºÅ×·ÎÀÌµå ¿¬°í¿Í ³»º¹Á¦, ÁÖ»çÁ¦ Á¤º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
½ºÅ×·ÎÀ̵åÁ¦´Â ¾ç¸é¼ºÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸´Ï ¹Ýµå½Ã Àü¹®ÀÇÀÇ Áö½ÃÇÏ¿¡ »ç¿ëÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.


ÀÚ·á¼ö : 12 °³, 1 ÆäÀÌÁöÁß 1 ÆäÀÌÁö Category
Á¦¸ñ : ½ºÅ×·ÎÀÌµå ¹× ÇǺοܿëÁ¦ÀÇ ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ »ç¿ë¹ý - ±è±ÔÇÑ (¼­¿ï´ë ÇǺΰú)
 
µî·ÏÀÏ: 2003-03-12 14:01:55 , Á¶È¸: 20,334

½ºÅ×·ÎÀÌµå ¹× ÇǺοܿëÁ¦ÀÇ ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ »ç¿ë¹ý

¼­¿ïÀÇ´ë ÇǺΰú ±è±ÔÇÑ  


ÇǺιßÁøÀÇ ±¹¼ÒÀû Ä¡·á½Ã ±Þ¼º±âÀϼö·Ï Áï, ¿°ÁõÀÌ ½ÉÇÏ¿© Áø¹°ÀÌ ³ª´Â »óÅÂ, ½ÀÆ÷ µîÀÇ ¼öÄ¡¿ä¹ýÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿© ¿°ÁõÀ» ¿ÏÈ­½ÃŲ ÈÄ¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ Á¦Á¦¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ°í ¸¸¼ºÈ­µÈ º´º¯ÀÏ ¼ö·Ï ¿¬°íÁ¦¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¿°ÁõÀÇ ´Ü°è¿¡ µû¶ó ÀûÀýÇÑ Á¦Á¦¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÔÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸ð¹ßÀÌ ¸¹Àº ºÎÀ§¿¡´Â ·Î¼ð(lotion)À̳ª gel ÇüŸ¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.


acute lesion

wet dressing, bath

lotion, solution

cream

ointment

chronic lesioin


¼öÄ¡¿ä¹ý(ƯÈ÷ ½ÀÆ÷)Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÀÛ¿ëÀ» °®´Â´Ù.
1. û°áÀÛ¿ë
2. Ç×¼Ò¾ç ¹× ÁøÅëÀÛ¿ë
3. Ç×¼Ò¿°ÀÛ¿ë
4. ¿¬È­ÀÛ¿ë
5. °ÇÁ¶ÀÛ¿ë

»ó±â¿Í °°ÀÌ º´º¯ÀÇ ´Ü°è ȤÀº »óÅ¿¡ µû¶ó ÀûÀýÇÑ Á¦Á¦¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÇǺΠ¿Ü¿ëÁ¦ ÀÇ ±âÁ¦ÀÇ ºÐ·ù ¹× Á¾·ù¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¾Ë¾ÆµÑ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±¹¼ÒÁ¦ÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ µµÆ÷ ¹æ ¹ýÀ» ¾Ë¾Æº¸°í ÈçÈ÷ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ±¹¼Ò ½ºÅ×·ÎÀ̵åÁ¦ÀÇ ºÐ·ù ¹× À¯ÀÇÁ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¾ð±ÞÇϱâ·Î ÇÑ ´Ù.

A. ±âÁ¦(vehicle)ÀÇ ºÐ·ù
1. monophasic

1) ºÐ¸» (powder):
-ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î °ÇÁ¶ÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
-zinc oxide, titanium oxide, talc(magnesium silicate)
-°£Âû ºÎÀ§¿¡ Áø¹°ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »óÅ¿¡¼­´Â »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. »ïÃâ¾×°ú ¼¯¿© µ¢¾î¸®¸¦ Çü¼º ÇÏ¿© ÀÚ±ØÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

2) ¾×ü (liquid)
(1) ½ÀÆ÷ (wet dressing):
-±Þ¼º ¿°Áõ½Ã »ç¿ë(oozing, weeping, crusting)
-Burow sol (aluminium acetate); astringent to decrease exudation by precipitation of protein
-potassium permanganate(KMnO4, 1:4,000-1:10,000); Ç×±Õ, Ç×Áø±Õ ÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ÀÖÀ½
(2) ¸ñ¿å (bath):
-±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô »ïÃâ¾×ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡ »ç¿ë
-Àå±â°£ Áö¼ÓÇϸé ħ¿¬(maceration)À» ÀÏÀ¸Å°¹Ç·Î ¸ñ¿å½Ã°£Àº 20-30ºÐÀ» ÃÊ°úÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
-starch added for soothing and antipruritic effect
-bath oils added to prevent drying
(3) tincture, paint : iodine tincture, Castellani paint(°úµµÇÑ °ÇÁ¶¿Í ºÓÀº Âø»öÀ¸·Î ÇöÀç´Â °ÅÀÇ »ç¿ë ÇÑÇÔ)
(4) ¿ë¾× ȤÀº ·Î¼ð (solution or lotion)
-¿ë¾×(active ingredients are dissolved to clarity), ·Î¼ð(active medications suspended or dissolved): ¾×»óÀÌ Áõ¹ßÇϸ鼭 º´º¯ÀÇ °ÇÁ¶¿Í ³Ã°¢À» À¯¹ßÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ Áø¹°ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Á¤µµÀÇ ¾Æ±Þ¼º º´º¯¿¡ »ç¿ëÇϰųª Àü½ÅÀÇ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ÇǺκ´º¯¿¡ µµÆ÷Çϱ⠽±µµ·Ï »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
-¿°ÁõÀÇ Á¤µµ°¡ ½ÉÇؼ­ Á÷Á¢ µµÆ÷°¡ Èûµé°Å³ª µ¿ÅëÀ» À¯¹ßÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â aerosol ȤÀº spray ÇüÅ·Π»ç¿ëÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
(5) °Ö (gel) (transparent, colloidal dispersion that liquefy on contact with skin)
-nonocclusive filmÇüÅ·Π°ÇÁ¶µÇ°í ¸ð¹ßÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ºÎÀ§¿¡ »ç¿ëÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏ´Ù.
3) greasy bases
(1) ±â¸§ (oil): ÇǺηκÎÅÍ ±â¸§°ú ¼¯ÀÌ´Â Á¦Á¦¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇϰųª ¸ñ¿å½Ã ¿¬È­ Á¦·Î »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÷°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
(2) petrolatum(vaseline): emollient, highly occlusive and water-insoluble and hydrates skin by preventing water loss

2. Biphasic vehicles
1) shake lotion (·Î¼ð¿¡ ºÐ¸»ÀÌ È¥ÇÕµÈ °Í):
-zinc, talcum, calamine--dry and cool wet, weeping skin
-±ÕÀÏÇÑ ÇöŹ¾×(suspension)À» ¸¸µé±â À§ÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÀü ¹Ýµå½Ã Èçµé¾î ÁØ´Ù. ÇǺο¡¼­ ¾×»óÀÌ Áõ¹ßµÇ¸é ºÐ¸»ÀÌ ³²´Â´Ù.
2) Å©¸² (cream):
-emulsion of oil-in-water (O/W)--cooling, moisturizing, emollient effects
3) ¿¬°í (ointment):
water-repellent hydrocarbon(petrolatum)
absorption bases(hydrophilic petrolatum)
water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion(hydrophilic ointment)
water-soluble ointments(polyethylene glycol preparation)
-Å©¸²Á¦º¸´Ù ÇǺο¡ º¸È£¸·À» Çü¼ºÇÏ°í À±È° È¿°ú°¡ Å©´Ù.
4) ÀÌ°í (paste)(ointment+ 20-50% powder): zinc oxide
-¿¬°í¿¡ ºñÇØ ´ú ħ¿¬À» ÀÏÀ¸Å°°í »ïÃâ¹°À» Èí¼öÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¿¬°í¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¾Æ±Þ¼º º´º¯¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª ±Ù·¡¿¡´Â °ÅÀÇ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

B. ÈçÈ÷ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ±âÁ¦ ¼ººÐ (vehicle ingredients commonly used in topical preparations)
1. ¿¬È­Á¦ (emollients):
-occlusive agents that make skin soft and pliable by increasing hydration of stratum corneum
-petrolatum is the most occlusive and the best emollient--due to its greasy feel, petrolatum often mixed with other material to produce a more cosmetically acceptable vehicle.


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cetyl alcohol
glycerin
isopropyl myristate
isopropyl palmitate
lanolin
mineral oil
petrolatum
squalene
stearic acid
stearyl alcohol

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. ¿ë¸Å (solvents): used to increase the solubility of the active drug

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
alcohol
glycerin
isopropyl myristate
propylene carbonate
propylene glycol(PG)
water

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. À¯È­Á¦ (emusifying agents): added to thermodynamically unstable dispersions of two or more immiscible liquid phases to improve stability by decreasing surface tension

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cholesterol
emulsifying wax
polyoxyl 40 stearate
polysorbate
sodium lauryl sulfate

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. ¾ÈÁ¤Á¦ (stabilizers):
-preservative(prevent microbial growth, paraben)
-antioxidant(drug or vehicle may deteriorate through oxidation--butylated hydroxyanisole in oil and fats, ascorbic acid, sulfites in aqueous phase)
-chelating agents(to compex heavy metals, citric acid and sodium EDTA)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
benzyl alcohol
butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA)
butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT)
chlorocresol
citric acid
glycerin
paraben
propylene glycol(PG)
sodium bisulfite
sorbic acid/potassium sorbate

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. thickening agents(to increase viscosity of products or to suspend ingredients in the formulation)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
beewax
carboner
petrolatum
polyethylene
xanthan gum

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. º¸½ÀÁ¦ (humectants)(hygroscopic agents that draw moisture in to skin)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
glycerin
propylene glycol(PG)
sorbitol solution

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C. ±¹¼ÒÁ¦ÀÇ µµÆ÷½Ã °í·Á»çÇ×

1. ³óµµ (concentration): ¾î´À Á¤µµ ³óµµ ÀÌ»óÀÌ µÇ¸é ´õ ÀÌ»ó È¿°ú°¡ Áõ´ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

2. µµÆ÷ȸ¼ö
ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÏ·ç 2-3ȸ µµÆ÷Çϳª ¾ÆÁÖ °­ÇÑ ½ºÅ×·ÎÀ̵åÁ¦ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÇÏ·ç 1ȸ·Î ÃæºÐÇÏ´Ù.

3. µµÆ÷·®
1 gÀÌ ¾à 10 x 10 cm Á¤µµÀÇ ºÎÀ§¸¦ µ¤´Â´Ù. (¿¹, face or hands-2g, 1 arm or anterior or posterior trunk-3g, 1 leg-4g, entire body- 30g)

4. ½ÅüºÎÀ§¿¡ µû¸¥ Åõ°úÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ: ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¼ø¼­·Î ¾àÁ¦ÀÇ Åõ°ú¼ºÀÌ °¨¼ÒÇÑ´Ù.
1) Á¡¸· (mucous membrane)
2) °íȯ (scrotum)
3) ¾È°Ë (eyelid)
4) ¾ó±¼ (face)
5) ÈäºÎ¿Í ¹èºÎ (chest and back)
6) ÆÈ°ú ´Ù¸® (upper arms and legs)
7) ¼Õµî, ¹ßµî (dorsa of hands and feet)
9) ¼Õ, ¹ß¹Ù´Ú (palmar and plantar skin)
10) Á¶°© (nails)

5. ÇǺÎÀ庮 (skin barrier)
1) °¢ÁúÃþ (stratum corneum): 10-20 mÀÇ µÎ²²
2) ¼¼Æ÷°£ ÁöÁú (interceulluar lipid) (ceramide, cholesterol, long chain fatty acid); diffusion barrier
3) ÇǺκμӱâ (appendage): 0.1%-1% of skin area À庮ÀÇ ¼Õ»óÀÌ »ý±â¸é Èí¼ö°¡ Áõ°¡µÈ´Ù.

D. ±¹¼Ò ½ºÅ×·ÎÀ̵åÁ¦

1. ºÐ·ù
óÀ½ 1-2ÁÖ°£Àº °­ÇÑ Á¦Á¦·Î µµÆ÷¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°í, ±× ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â óÀ½Á¦Á¦º¸´Ù ´Ù¼Ò ¾àÇÑ Á¦ Á¦·Î 3-4ÁÖ°£ »ç¿ëÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ È£ÀüµÈ ÀÌÈÄ hydrocortisone Á¦ÀÇ ¾àÇÑ Á¦Á¦·Î À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ ´Ù. ȯºÎÀÇ ºÎÀ§º°(¾ó±¼ ¹× ¼º±âºÎÀ§, ±¸°£°ú »çÁö, ¼Õ¹ß µîÀÇ Å©°Ô 3ºÎÀ§ Á¤µµ·Î ±¸ºÐ)·Î Àû ´çÇÑ °­µµÀÇ ½ºÅ×·ÎÀ̵åÁ¦¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇϸç, Âü°í·Î ±¹¼Ò ½ºÅ×·ÎÀ̵åÁ¦ÀÇ °­µµ¿¡ µû¸¥ ºÐ·ù´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

½ÃÆǵǰí ÀÖ´Â ½ºÅ×·ÎÀ̵åÁ¦ÀÇ °­µµ¿¡ µû¸¥ ºÐ·ù

Group 1(°¡Àå °­ÇÑ °Í)
-clobetasol propionate 0.05%
´õ¸ðº£ÀÌÆ®(Dermovate)¿¬°í,¿ë¾×(Çѱ¹±×¶ô¼Ò)
µµ¸ðÈ£·Ð(Domo-horn) Å©¸²(µ¿±¸¾àÇ°)
º£Å¸º£ÀÌÆ®(Betabate)¿¬°í,¿ë¾×(°í·ÁÁ¦¾à)
½ºÅ×À̺¥(Staven) ¾×(ÇÕµ¿¾àÇ°), Å©·Îº£¼Õ(Clobeson) Å©¸²(µ¿±¹Á¦¾à)
-diflucortolone valerate 0.3%
³×¸®¼Ò³ª(Nerisona) 0.3% ¿¬°í(Çѱ¹½¦¸µ)
-halcinonide 0.1%
Çҷα×(Halog) Å©¸²(µ¿¾ÆÁ¦¾à)
-halobetasol 0.05%

Group 2(°­ÇÑ °Í)
-amcinonide 0.1%
¾Ï½Ã³ë³ªÀ̵å(Amcinonide) ¿¬°í(°ÇdzÁ¦¾à)
ºñ½º´ý(Visderm) Å©¸²(À¯ÇÑ»çÀ̳ª¹Ìµå)
-betamethasone dipropionate 0.05%
µðÇÁ·Î¸°(Diprolene) Å©¸²(°ÇÀϾàÇ°), ½ºÅ׷νÅÁö(Sterocin-G) Å©¸²(û°è¾àÇ°)
-betamethasone valerate 0.1%
¼¼·¹½ºÅæÁö(Celestone-G) Å©¸²(À¯ÇѾàÇ°)
-desoxymethasone 0.25%
¿¡½ºÆļÕ(Esperson) ¿¬°í, ·Î¼ð(Çѵ¶¾àÇ°)
-fluocinolone acetonide 0.025%
ÈÄ·ç¸ðÆ®(Flumort) Å©¸²(ÇÑÀϾàÇ°)
-fluocinonide 0.05%
¶óÀ̵¦½º(Lidex) Å©¸²(Á¾±Ù´ç), ºÎ·ç³ª(Buruna) Å©¸²(±¸ÁÖÁ¦¾à)
¿¢½º¿¤-¿Ï(XL-1) °Ö(Çö´ë¾àÇ°), ¾Æµð´Ù½º(Adidas) Å©¸²(űؾàÇ°)
-fluclorolone acetonide 0.025%
ÅäÇʶó(Topilar) Å©¸²(µ¿±¹Á¦¾à)
-fluocortolone 0.25%
¿ïÆ®¶ó¶õ(Ultralan) ¿¬°í(Çѱ¹½¦¸µ)

Group 3(Áߵ °­ÇÑ °Í)
-budesonide 0.025%
³ª¸®ÄÚÆ®(Naricort) Å©¸²(µ¿±¤Á¦¾à)
-desoxymethasone 0.05%
¿¡½ºÆļÕ(Esperson) Á©(Çѵ¶¾àÇ°)
-triamcinolone acetonide 0.1%
Á¦¹ÌÄÚÆ®(Gemicort) ¿¬°í(´ö»ê¼¾Æ®¶ö)
-triamcinolone acetonide 0.025%
Æ®¸®ÄÚÆ®(Tricort) Å©¸²(µ¿±¤Á¦¾à)
-fluticasone propionate 0.05%
ťƼº£ÀÌÆ®(Cutivate) Å©¸²(Çѱ¹±×¶ô¼Ò)
-mometasone furoate 0.1%
¿¡·Î½Å(µ¿È­¾àÇ°)
-methyprednisolone aceponate 0.1%
Advantan(Schering)

Group 4(´Ù¼Ò °­ÇÑ °Í)
-clobetasone butyrate 0.05%
¾Æ¹Ì¼Ö(Amisol) Å©¸²(µ¿ÀϽžà), À¯¸ðº£ÀÌÆ®(Eumovate) ¿¬°í, Å©¸²(Çѱ¹±×¶ô¼Ò)
-flumethasone pivalate 0.02%
·ÎÄ«»ì·»(Locasalen) ¿¬°í(Çѱ¹ ½ä ½Ã¹Ù-°¡À̱â)
-prednicarbate 0.25%
´õ¸¶Åé(Dermatop) ¿¬°í(Çѵ¶¾àÇ°)

Group 5(¾àÇÑ °Í)
-flucortin butylester 0.75%
¹Ù½ºÇǵå(Vaspit) ¿¬°í, Å©¸²(Çѱ¹½¦¸µ)
-hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1%
Ǫ¶õÄÝ(Plancol) Å©¸², ·Î¼ð(Áß¿ÜÁ¦¾à), ÇÏÀ̵å(Hyde)·á¼ð(ÅÂÆò¾çÁ¦¾à)
-hydrocortisone valerate 0.2%
¿þ½ºÆ®ÄÚÆ®(Westcort) Å©¸²(º¸·ÉÁ¦¾à), ÇÏÀ̵åÄÚÆ®(Hydcort)Å©¸²(»ó¾ÆÁ¦¾à)
-hydrocortisone 1%
¶ôƼÄɾîHC(Lacticare-HC) ·Î¿À¼ð(Çѱ¹½ºÆ¼Æç)
»ç¸£³ª ¿¥.¾¾/»ç¸£³ª ¿¡Ãë.¾¾(Sarna MC/Sarna HC) ·Î¼ð(Çö´ë¾àÇ°)
Áø·Î È÷µå·ÎÄÚ¸£Æ¼¼Õ(Hydrocortisone) ¿¬°í(Áø·ÎÁ¦¾à)
-hydrocortisone butyrate propionate 0.1%
¹Ýµ¨(Bandel) ¿¬°í, Å©¸²(À¯À¯»ê¾÷)
-prednisolone valerate acetate 0.15%, 0.3%
¸®µµ¸ß½º(Lidomex) Å©¸², ·Î¼ð(»ï¾Æ¾àÇ°)

2. ºÎÀ§º° ¿Ü¿ë ½ºÅ×·ÎÀ̵åÁ¦ÀÇ °­µµ
1) face and genitalia: weakest
2) trunk, U/E, L/E: intermediate
3) hands, feet and scalp: strongest

3. ÀÓ»óÀûÀÎ À¯ÀÇÁ¡
1) ¼Ò¾ÆÀÇ °æ¿ì üǥ¸éÀûÀÌ ¼ºÀο¡ ºñÇÏ¿© »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î Å©°í, ´ë»ç´É·ÂÀÌ ÀÚ°í, ÇǺΰ¡ ¾ã±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Èí¼ö°¡ Áõ°¡µÈ´Ù. ³ëÀÎÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡µµ ÇǺΰ¡ ¾ã±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Èí¼ö°¡ Áõ°¡µÈ´Ù.
2) ÀÓ½ÅÁß »ç¿ë: µ¿¹°½ÇÇè¿¡¼­ °­ÇÑ ½ºÅ×·ÎÀ̵åÁ¦¸¦ °ú·® µµÆ÷ÇßÀ» ¶§ žÆÀÇ ±âÇüÀ» À¯¹ß ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â º¸°í°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÎü¿¡¼­´Â ÀӽŠÁß Àü½ÅÀûÀ¸·Î ½ºÅ×·ÎÀ̵带 º¹¿ëÇÏ¿©µµ ÅÂ¾Æ ±âÇüÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù´Â º¸°í´Â ¾øÁö¸¸ ÀӽŠÁß ÁÖÀǸ¦ ¿äÇÏ´Â ¾àÀ¸·Î FDA¿¡¼­´Â C±ºÀ¸·Î ½ºÅ× ·ÎÀ̵带 ºÐ·ùÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

4. ºÎÀÛ¿ë
1) epidermal thinning--ulceration
2) reduced dermal collagen--telangiectasia, purpura, aging
3) reduced dermal elasticity--striae
4) increased sebaceous activity--acne
5) hair follicles stimulated--hirsuitism
6) reduced immune response: infection exacerbated, and masked



   



 
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